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Removing dead leafs is not concidered defoliation. Defoliation is taking healthy leafs off, something I would strongly advice not to do.

Please attach a photo of the tree so we can better understand your situation.

Top Frog, you are a gent and a scholar sir.

Excuse my incorrect use of "defoliation " I thought this just meant to remove leaves.

All the leaves are curly , pale, yellowish?and brittle.?

I will get some photos.?

I am just at the start of my bonsai journey.

I appreciate all the help from everyone,? I was feeling frustrated when I made my previous post.

No disrespect to anyone that replied.

I do appreciate your time.

Apologies,? if I sounded ungrateful.

Have a good day.

Cluaran

Not that I am an english expert. In my mother language there are two different words for alive and dead leafs. It makes it so much easier and avoids this particular confusion.

Here's a pic not the best



I'm sure there is enough knowledge to help.

As requested Topfrog.

Cheers

Cluaran

Put the tree in full shade and keep it well watered.

Removing dead leafs will make it look slightly better ATM, but have no impact on tree health. If not removed they will fall naturally.

Thanks topfrog. I've ordered a moisture meter. Never used one before. Any advice much appreciated.

Cheers

Cluaran

Moisture meters are quite accurate on 100% organic soil. The more inorganic substrates the more inaccurate. Most of us grow bonsai in very inorganic soil mixes where moisture meters are useless.

In any way there are no use for a moisture meter really. Watering bonsai is quite straight forward and easy: when the surface of the substrate looks close to dry. With a fine strainer water abundantly over the whole surface of substrate until there is a steady flow coming out the drainage holes. The frequency can variate very much depending on soilmix, weather, species and season. Some needs water twice a day in summer. Most do fine for several weeks without watering in winter.

That is a very good point. I user a mix of Acadama,? pumice and lava rock. It just arrived. I think I will send it back.

Thanks for advice much appreciated.

I had expected a lot more responses.

Cheers

Ronnie

Hi,

If the tree was poor bound, would it cause the symptoms of my beech. It's in a shallow circular pot, I can see fine brown roots poking out the edges of the pot?

Have a good weekend folks!

Best wishes

Cluaran

The symptom is due to underwatering, no doubt about it. But yes, in a bigger pot you need to water less frequent. So it is fair to say that the plant may not have this symptoms today if it where in a bigger pot and was watered excactly the same way/frequency.

Most of us prefere to have a pot size and soil mix that dries out in a day in the peak of summer. A routine of everyday watering is hard to miss. I mix more organics and water morning first day, evening next one and no watering the third. In peak of summer that is. Every tree needs less the colder it is.